PROSTATE CANCER

What is prostate cancer?

The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland located near the bladder and urethra that plays a vital role in the male reproductive system. When prostate cancer develops, abnormal cells begin to grow and multiply within the prostate gland. Most prostate cancer has no symptoms, which is why men are screened for it. Some symptoms of prostate cancer can include difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or semen, and pain in the hips, back, or chest.

Who is at risk for prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, with an estimated 1 in 8 men being diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Several risk factors include:

Age: Prostate cancer is most commonly diagnosed in men over the age of 50, with the risk increasing as men get older.
Family history: Men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly a father or brother with the disease, are at higher risk of developing prostate cancer themselves.
Ethnicity: African American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer than men of other ethnicities, and are also more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age and with more advanced disease.
Obesity: Studies have shown that men who are overweight or obese may have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer

While these risk factors can increase a man's likelihood of developing prostate cancer, it is important to note that many men who develop prostate cancer do not have any identifiable risk factors. Therefore, it is important for all men to discuss prostate cancer screening with their healthcare provider, regardless of their risk factors. Early detection and treatment can help improve outcomes and quality of life for men with prostate cancer.

How do you screen and diagnose prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of tests, including a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, digital rectal exam (DRE), and a biopsy. PSA (prostate specific antigen) testing measures the level of a protein produced by the prostate gland and can indicate the presence of prostate cancer, although elevated PSA levels can also be caused by other conditions.

In addition to PSA, there are also several genomic tests available that can help aid in the decision for a prostate biopsy, such as the 4K Score, SelectMDx, ExoDx, isoPSA, etc. These tests analyze the genetic material in the blood or urine to identify specific biomarkers associated with prostate cancer. These tests help to minimize unnecessary biopsies.

In patients with elevated or rising PSAs, MRI can help identify areas of concern within the prostate gland and guide biopsy procedures, particularly in cases where traditional diagnostic tests such as PSA testing and DRE are inconclusive or when there is suspicion of aggressive prostate cancer. MRI can also help determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread beyond the prostate gland.

For patients who are at risk for prostate cancer, based on their screening tests, prostate cancer is diagnosed via biopsy. Dr Su is an expert in MRI US fusion prostate biopsies. This procedure combines the use of MRI imaging with ultrasound to precisely target suspicious areas of the prostate gland for biopsy. By using MRI to guide the biopsy, Dr Su can more accurately identify areas of concern and improve the accuracy of the biopsy.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Prostate cancer treatment options vary depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, focal therapy, hormone therapy, and/or active surveillance. Dr. Jeannie Su can work with patients to develop a personalized treatment plan based on their individual needs and circumstances.

Call the office to make an appointment today.

Active Surveillance

Robotic Prostatectomy

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Radiation Therapy

Focal Therapy

HIFU

TULSA

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) provides a very useful guideline for patients with prostate cancer, which can be found by clicking the images below.